Viral adaptation refers to the process through which viruses evolve and change in response to selective pressures in their environment. This can include changes in viral structure, replication strategies, and host interactions that allow the virus to better survive and replicate in its host. Viral adaptation is an important area of research for understanding the emergence of new viral strains, drug resistance, and the development of vaccines. By studying viral adaptation, researchers can gain insights into the mechanisms that allow viruses to evolve and potentially develop strategies to control or prevent viral infections.